Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis is a hardening of the arteries by slowly building up plaque. Risk factors include high cholesterol, high blood pressure, diabetes, smoking, obesity, lack of exercise and a diet high in saturated fat. Atherosclerosis develops over time and may not show symptoms until a problem such as a heart attack or stroke occurs.
Causes
Atherosclerosis is a slowly progressive disease that can begin in childhood. The exact atherosclerosis cause is unknown. It can be caused by damage or injury to the nerve lining. Damage may be caused by:
- High blood pressure
- High cholesterol
- High levels of triglycerides, a type of fat (lipid) in the blood
- Smoking or chewing tobacco
- Diabetes mellitus
- Insulin resistance
- Obesity
Inflammation of unknown cause or disease such as arthritis, lupus, psoriasis or inflammatory bowel disease
When the inner wall of an artery is damaged, blood cells and other substances can collect at the site of injury and build up in the artery cavity.
Over time, fats, cholesterol and other substances accumulate on the inner walls of the heart’s arteries. This accumulation is called plaque. Plaque can cause arteries to narrow, limiting blood flow. Plaques can also rupture, causing blood clots.
Risk factors
Over time, the muscles become stronger. Older age is a risk factor for atherosclerosis. Other factors that can increase atherosclerosis include:
- Family history of early heart disease
- Bad food
- Diabetes mellitus
- High blood pressure
- High cholesterol
- High levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of inflammation
- No exercise
- Obesity
- Sleep apnea
- Smoking cigarettes and other tobacco products
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